![]() Medieval Greek (also known as Byzantine Greek): the continuation of Koine Greek up to the demise of the Byzantine Empire in the 15th century.Cappadocian Greek in green, with green dots indicating individual Cappadocian Greek villages. Because it was the original language of the New Testament, and the Old Testament was translated into it as the Septuagint, that variety of Koine Greek may be referred to as New Testament Greek or sometimes Biblical Greek.ĭistribution of varieties of Greek in Anatolia, 1910. The origin of Christianity can also be traced through Koine Greek because the Apostles used this form of the language to spread Christianity. After the Roman conquest of Greece, an unofficial bilingualism of Greek and Latin was established in the city of Rome and Koine Greek became the first or second language in the Roman Empire. Koine Greek can be initially traced within the armies and conquered territories of Alexander the Great after the Hellenistic colonization of the known world, it was spoken from Egypt to the fringes of India. Koine Greek (also known as Hellenistic Greek): The fusion of Ionian with Attic, the dialect of Athens, began the process that resulted in the creation of the first common Greek dialect, which became a lingua franca across the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East.Ancient Greek fell into disuse in Western Europe in the Middle Ages but remained officially in use in the Byzantine world and was reintroduced to the rest of Europe with the Fall of Constantinople and Greek migration to western Europe. It was widely known throughout the Roman Empire. Ancient Greek: in its various dialects, the language of the Archaic and Classical periods of the ancient Greek civilization.It is recorded in the Linear B script on tablets dating from the 15th century BC onwards. Mycenaean Greek: the language of the Mycenaean civilization.The unity of Proto-Greek would have ended as Hellenic migrants entered the Greek peninsula sometime in the Neolithic era or the Bronze Age. Proto-Greek: the unrecorded but assumed last ancestor of all known varieties of Greek.The Greek language is conventionally divided into the following periods: Proto-Greek-speaking area according to linguist Vladimir I. Greek roots have been widely used for centuries and continue to be widely used to coin new words in other languages Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary. It is spoken by at least 13.5 million people today in Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Albania, Turkey, and the many other countries of the Greek diaspora. In its modern form, Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. It eventually became the official language of the Byzantine Empire and developed into Medieval Greek. Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world, the Greek texts and Greek societies of antiquity constitute the objects of study of the discipline of Classics.ĭuring antiquity, Greek was by far the most widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world. The New Testament of the Christian Bible was also originally written in Greek. Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science and philosophy were originally composed. Beginning with the epics of Homer, ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting importance in the European canon. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Greek ( Modern Greek: Ελληνικά, romanized: Elliniká, pronounced Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνική, romanized: Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. (The map does not indicate where the language is majority or minority.) Areas where Modern Greek is spoken (in dark blue those areas where it is the official language). ![]()
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